That is a return line and the little bowl just sits down on that tube. The bowl has an o-ring in it (you can`t see from the outside) to stop any leaks. I think the stuff you cleaned from the screen is probably from 0-rings and probably injector 0-rings which would make your truck run as you described. But since the codes read differently it may not be. On the throttle pedal switch try IH if Ford doesn`t have it. On the CPS even though you replaced it, have you checked it. It may have a short or open/grounded circuit. Get in the truck and crank it over and if the if the needle on the RPM meter (tach) doesn`t move a little bit the CPS is not working..