Anybody who is interested in either biodiesel or SVO NEEDS to check out these forums first:
Biodiesel & SVO Forums - Powered by eve community
This site is probably the single most comprehensive source of real world do it yourself info out there. I've been researching it for a long time and actually found a source of biodiesel that I can purchase at cost, but I may still go with SVO someday. Here's a few basic points that you can learn more about on the infopop forums.
First and foremost, straight vegetable oil and biodiesel are NOT the same. Think of straight vegetable oil (SVO) as "crude oil" and biodiesel as "#2 diesel" Biodiesel is SVO that's been "refined," but not refined as in cracked, like petroluem products. Biodiesel is made by reacting SVO with sodium methoxide (a mixture of lye and methanol) in order to remove the glycerin from the oil and make it thinner (it's not that simple, but I'm not a chemist!) so that it can be used just as regular diesel fuel with no modifications (heating systems, etc...) to the vehicle. With biodiesel you pump it in just like regular diesel, add some fuel conditioner as you normally would, and go. Some vehicles seem to tolerate biodiesel better than others. From what I've seen the 6.0L doesn't seem to tolerate it well, but the 7.3L seems to be able to handle mixtures of 75% (B75) to 100% (B100) bio just fine (the other 25% being regular diesel), so blending in small amounts to begin with is recommended.
SVO on the other hand requires modifications to the vehicle which basically entail a seperate tank/pump/filtration/delivery system for the SVO, and a method of heating it to operating temperature. The heating is usually accomplished by using waste heat from engine coolant and 12V heating devices. You can't run SVO without A: filtering it to at least 5 microns, B: ensuring that there is absolutely NO suspended or free water in it, and C: heating it to at least 120 degrees F so that it is sufficiently thinned. If you fail to take one or more of these steps, at the very least your fuel filters will become plugged, and at the worst you'll destroy your injection pump.
SVO at normal temperatures (say 72 degrees) is just too thick to be handled by an injection pump. At that temp SVO has about 30 times the viscosity of #2 diesel. If the oil has water suspended in it (all used fryer oil has a lot, all new oil has a little) the water will be rapidly turned to steam when it enters the injection pump. Once this happens the mini steam explosions will cause pitting on the various metal surfaces inside the pump. Finally, just like with fuel, filtration is important, most anyone who uses SVO filters to 5 microns (if not smaller) before the fuel hits the IP.
I don't mean to discourage anyone, just wanted to spread a little knowledge. If you don't want to get your hands (or your garage) dirty either collecting and filtering SVO or making biodiesel you can find a co-op in your area that makes biodiesel. Usually you can get fuel at or just a little above cost, which, from a good producer, should be around $1.00 a gallon give or take.
I plan on buying about 50 gallons at a time and having the producer fill a 55 gallon drum in the back of my truck. Then I'll transfer the contents of the drum through a 2 micron filter (they filter to 5 micron) into a 250 gallon home heating oil tank behind my shed where I can pump from at will into my truck. I'll probably add diesel to the mix to end up with roughly B75 with some Power Service just to be safe in the winter months.